Specialized Councils

SC ( Security Council)

Russian-Ukrainian conflict :

Early 2021 Russia started to mass soldiers and military equipment near the Ukrainian border. The Russian Federation hasn’t mobilized that many troops since the annexation of Crimea. Later that year in June the troops were partially removed, however the peace didn’t last long. In November of 2021 November, over 100,000 Russian troops were massed near the border again. In December 2021 Russia advanced two draft treaties. It included the request that Ukraine would not join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The United States of America has rejected these requests (as well as other NATO member countries). In January 2022 US-Russia diplomatic talks, but they failed to resolve the crises. Some commentators describe the situation as “The beginning of the new Cold War''.

In March 2021 Russia began to deploy thousands of military personnel and equipment near the border between Ukraine and Russia. It was the highest force mobilization ever since the annexation of Crimea. Satellite imagery showed movement of missiles, armor, and other heavy weaponry. Later this ended by June with the troops being partially removed. However, the crises were renewed in November 2021. Over 100,000 Russian troops were again massed near the border. President Putin stated that Ukrainian accession to NATO and the NATO enlargement is a threat to the national security of the Russian federations. That’s why Russia advanced two draft treaties that request Ukraine not to join NATO. NATO rejected this offer. The US warned Russia of “swift and serve '' economic sanction if it further invadesUkraine.The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) announced a resolution to ask President Putin to officially recognize the breakaway DPR and LPR. Many Diplomatic negotiations have been held since then. Between 2 and 3 November, CIA director William Bruns met senior Russian intelligence officials in Moscow. And on 7 February, French President Emmanuel Macron met Vladimir Putin in Moscow. This meeting had mixed outcomes.

September 30th 2022 Vladimir Putin has signed decrees paving the way for the occupied Ukrainian regions of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia to be formally annexed into Russia. Putin signing the decrees declares that the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions are officially Russian territory, the annexation of these regions means that putin can now mobilize the entirety of the Russian military to defend these lands in the event of Ukrainian or any other entities attacks, this is considered forceful annexation as the new Russian territory isn't recognized by other nations.

Council role: Faced with the biggest European conflict since WWII, delegates of the SC must act quickly as time if of the essence, the war between Ukraine and Russia is regarded as a USA vs Russia conflict, however Ukranians still suffer the consequences, Delegates of the SC must come up with resolutions directed towards mitigating this conflicts, Delegates must consider sociopolitical factors involved, in addition to the influence from outsider nations.

The issue of peacekeeping in Afghanistan :

The War in Afghanistan was a conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021 in the South-Central Asian country of Afghanistan. Following the death of Osama bin Laden in 2011, the leaders of NATO decided on an exit strategy and expressed hope on ending this armed conflict using diplomatic ways. In February 2020, the Trump administration and the Taliban signed the Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan, also known as the Doha Agreement, without participation by the Afghan government, in which they concluded the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Afghanistan. In return, the Taliban will prevent al-Qaeda from operating in areas under Taliban control. It has also been proposed that future negotiations should be held between the Taliban and the Afghan government to maintain a permanent ceasefire.

As part of the Doha Agreement, the Trump administration has agreed to an initial withdrawal of US troops from 13,000 to 8,600 by July 2020 and a full withdrawal by May 1, 2021, if the Taliban keep their promise. However, following the withdrawal of U.S. forces, the Taliban launched massive offensives, and seized the capital Kabul on August 15, 2021, occupying most of Afghanistan. On the same day, Afghan President Ashraf Ghani fled the country. The Taliban declared victory and the war in Afghanistan was over. Restoration of Taliban rule has been confirmed by the United States as well. One question remained open: what is the future of Afghanistan with the last US aircraft taking off from the country on August 30, ending nearly two decades of Western military presence.

The Taliban takeover increased the number of Afghan refugees entering neighboring countries. After evacuations from Kabul airport were stopped, thousands of desperate Afghans sought land routes to Pakistan and Iran. Tens of thousands crossed into Pakistan before it closed its borders on 2 September to most Afghans. Only the Torkham crossing point was open to those holding gate passes. In November, the Norwegian Refugee Council reported that 4,000-5,000 Afghans were crossing the border to Iran every day.

The right of Afghans, including those at risk of reprisals, to seek asylum in third countries was compromised by Taliban-imposed restrictions on departures, including often insurmountable challenges in obtaining passports and visas. There were fears that border restrictions by neighboring countries would force Afghans to make irregular journeys using smugglers, placing them at further risk of human rights abuses.

Council role: Shortly after the withdrawal of NATO and international troops, Parties to the conflict in Afghanistan continued to commit serious violations of international humanitarian law, including war crimes, and other serious violations, in light of these events, delegates of NATO must come together to form resolutions determining weather this issue should be acted on, delegates must include solutions directed towards ending this long lasting conflict or leaving the situation as it is…

NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organization )

Discussing the the rise of the SCO ( Shanghai Cooperation Organization )

The SCO is the successor to the Shanghai Five, formed in 1996 between the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.[4] On 15 June 2001, the leaders of these nations and Uzbekistan met in Shanghai to announce a new organization with deeper political and economic cooperation; the SCO Charter was signed on 7 July 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003. Its membership has since expanded to eight states, with India and Pakistan joining on 9 June 2017. Several countries are engaged as observers or dialogue partners.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) both have geopolitical interests in Central Asia and the Gulf. The former is a military alliance, whose members have built substantial presence in the Greater Middle East, including the US military presence in Afghanistan, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Oman; the British military presence in Afghanistan and Bahrain; the French military presence in Afghanistan, Djibouti and the UAE. In comparison, SCO is a political bloc, whose members are at a low level of military integration. Like Russia’s military presence in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, China has a logistics base in Djibouti; India has a military presence in Tajikistan. The three SCO members enjoy better geographical proximity, while the three NATO members are stronger in military deployments and power projection capabilities. The SCO major powers have consolidated their respective land power in Central Asia, while NATO members have obtained both land power in Afghanistan and marine power in the Gulf. While the SCO’s and NATO’s respective military positions have been strengthened, Central Asia and the Gulf are faced with serious economic, political and social problems and inter-state conflict.

In the light of this, the military presence of outside NATO and SCO powers may rest on a weak foundation and may face various hurdles in the future. Russia has sought to frame the SCO as a sort of anti-NATO. It has pushed for a reinforcement of the organisation’s military dimension, proposing a joint military exercise on Russian soil next year. Moscow sees the SCO as the core of a China- and Russia-led anti-Western bloc. That Putin invited Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan to attend a summit that Russia was not even organizing speaks volumes about the active role it intends to play in the organization. At the same time, the fact that two of the SCO founding members Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan experienced violent border clashes on the day of the summit illustrates the limited capacities of the organization to foster collective security in the region.

Council Role: We are witnessing the emergence of a strong East vs. West narrative in international politics which suggests that the contemporary balance of power is being dictated along a cultural and geographical fault line between the East and the West. In this context, one might wonder whether the SCO has grown to become NATO’s eastern counterpart in terms of global power and influence. Delegates of NATO must come up with resolutions that discuss whether the SCO represents a threat to NATO or not, Delegates must then formulate operatives that support their opinions regarding the SCO’s motives and act accordingly. Delegates must consider rivalries and conflicts like those of the USA and Russia and the weight they have in thi issue. Are both the organizations just pawns used by the USA and Russia to serve as their weapons in their long lasting conflict?

Discussing the Russian vs Ukrainian conflict:

Following Russia's invasion and annexation of Ukraine, NATO condemns in the strongest possible terms Russia's brutal and unprovoked war of aggression against Ukraine - which is an independent, peaceful and democratic country, and a close NATO partner. NATO and Allies continue to provide Ukraine with unprecedented levels of support, helping to uphold its fundamental right to self-defense.Since Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea and destabilization of eastern Ukraine in 2014, NATO has adopted a firm position in full support of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognised borders.

As a result of Russia’s illegal and illegitimate annexation of Crimea, NATO Allies decided in 2014 to suspend all practical civilian and military cooperation with Russia, while leaving political and military channels of communication open. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Allies have imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia to help starve the Kremlin’s war machine of resources. Allies continue to refine these sanctions in order to increase the pressure on Moscow. These efforts will make it harder for Russia to rebuild its tanks, manufacture missiles and finance its war.

In parallel, NATO Allies have significantly stepped up their bilateral support and provision of equipment, helping Ukraine to uphold its right of self-defense, which is enshrined in the United Nations Charter. Allies are also providing substantial financial and humanitarian aid, including by hosting millions of refugees in countries all across the Alliance. NATO Allies have agreed to step up and sustain their support for as long as necessary, so that Ukraine prevails.

Delegates of NATO have united once more following the events of September 30th 2022 ,Vladimir Putin has signed decrees paving the way for the occupied Ukrainian regions of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia to be officially annexed into Russia. Putin signing the decrees declares that the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions are officially Russian territory, the annexation of these regions means that putin can now mobilize the entirety of the Russian military to defend these lands in the event of Ukrainian or any other entities attacks, this is considered forceful annexation as the new Russian territory isn't recognized by other nations.

Council role: Delegates of NATO have united once more following the events of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. A series of recent events alarms the organization greatly. Despite the alliance's vow to respond to Russian threats and actions in a united and responsible way, the war has gotten out of proportion and is endangering neighboring NATO affiliated nations. Delegates of NATO must come together once more in order to assess the amount of threat this conflict and the Russian state poses, Delegates must form resolutions discussing their view regarding whether this should be acted upon or not in addition to how they wish to act accordingly. Would it be in the alliance's favor to give Ukraine a helping hand or even fight alongside it to end this long lasting conflict?

INTERPOL ( International Criminal Police Organization )

The Gupta Brothers ( Red Notice )

The Interpol has issued red notices against Atul and Rajesh Gupta — two of the three Indian-origin Gupta brothers — who fled South Africa with their families amid investigations into their alleged looting of billions of rands from state-owned enterprises. However, the Interpol has declined a request from the South African government to issue red notices against their wives — Arthi and Chetali Gupta.

A Red Notice is an alert to all Interpol member states that an individual is a wanted fugitive, but is not equivalent to an arrest warrant. However, it strengthens the case of a country negotiating the extradition of wanted criminals from another state. Seven months ago, the South African government sought the Red Notice against the Gupta Brothers.

The three Gupta brothers, Ajay, Atul, and Rajesh, hail from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh and are thought to be living in self-exile in Dubai at the moment. The action, according to Justice Minister Ronald Lamola, is "a welcome development" that would hopefully allow justice to be served. The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) of South Africa has been attempting to extradite the Gupta brothers for a number of years. South Africa had signed an extradition agreement with Dubai last year and requested their extradition, despite the fact that their specific whereabouts are still unknown.

After serving only a little portion of a 15-month prison term handed by the supreme Constitutional Court last year because he left a hearing of the committee and refused to continue testifying, Zuma is currently battling the revocation of his medical parole. According to the website news24.co.za, the Guptas' attorneys confirmed that they had been informed that the NPA had "temporarily succeeded" in issuing red notices against the brothers, but they also stated that they would be contesting these notices on the grounds of "material misrepresentations by the NPA."

Council Role: A Red Notice is an alert to all Interpol member states that an individual is a wanted fugitive, but is not equivalent to an arrest warrant. However, it strengthens the case of a country negotiating the extradition of wanted criminals from another state. Seven months ago, the South African government sought the Red Notice against the Gupta Brothers. Delegates of INTERPOL must discuss this issue and draft resolutions regarding wether the allegations and actions against the Gubta brother are justifiable and if exterior parties.

Discussing the issue of Piracy

Piracy has come a long way since the days of Blackbeard, Henry Morgan, and Sir Francis Drake. Modern pirates now don night-vision goggles; carry AK-47s, heavy machine guns, and rocket launchers; navigate with GPS devices; and use sophisticated speedboats mounted with heavy mortars to target ships. Recently, pirates have garnered international attention in East Africa, West Africa, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, East Asia, and the Indian Ocean. Consequently, despite the terror and hassle that pirates cause to international trade, policing and development practices have not done nearly enough to disincentivize pirates from continuing the practice. Given international organizations' failure (including INTERPOL) to eradicate piracy, INTERPOL convenes to address permanent solutions to piracy.

There are three major hotbeds of international piracy: The Gulf of Guinea, East Africa, and the Strait of Malacca.5 The Horn of Africa was also a major site of pirate attacks, yet instances of piracy there have been largely quelled in the past five years. These three regions share many economic, political, and social conditions that make piracy an appealing economic choice.

There are two types of piracy: small-scale operations that tend to take small amounts of cash and assets from a ship, and criminal rings that hold hostages for ransom and sometimes attempt to resell the ships’ cargo, whether it be foodstuffs, oil, or manufactured goods. concern about piracy has to do with the latter. In a typical attack, a pirate mothership serves as a launching pad for fast skiffs, which can approach and board large ships and tankers. Motherships allow pirates to carry out attacks at ever-increasing distances from their borders. Once the pirates board a ship, they frequently take any cash assets, hostages, and any relevant equipment.

Maritime shipping is vital to the world economy. Oil, rice, coal, cars, and ores are a small selection of the goods that are transported to different markets via ship every year. Piracy hinders this important part of world trade, and the threat of an attack prevents some companies from undertaking trade voyages. It is vital that ships can pass through the Gulf of Aden, the Strait of Malacca, and the Gulf of Guinea unharmed, because these waters are critical points on global trade routes.

Economic costs are not everything. Hostages report horrific treatment at the hands of pirates, such as being forced to eats rats and grass, living in horrific conditions, being used as human shields in Somalian civil wars, and torture. Additionally, treatment of hostages has become increasingly violent as pirates attempt to obtain larger ransoms more quickly. Pirates often contact families with threatening messages, creating stress and pressure to pay ransoms which has caused uncertainty worldwide regarding transporting goods internationally.

Council role: Piracy in all its forms has caused uncertainty worldwide regarding transporting goods internationally. Delegates of INTERPOL must draft resolutions resolving this dilemma, so peace in land, air and water can be brought back.

SCOTUS (Supreme Court of the United States)

Trial of jack ruby

Defendant: Jack Leon Ruby

Defense: Melvin Belli

Defense: Elmer Gertz

Prosecution: William F. “Bill” Alexander

Prosecution: Frank W. Watts

All other delegates are justices

Jack Ruby retaliated to Kennedy's assassination by killing the suspect, Oswald, two days later. Ruby claims to have strong support for the presidential party when Kennedy was elected as president of the U.S. and wanted to avenge this death by taking action. He was sentenced to prosecution in the first trial through being electrocuted in an electrical chair, but the case was overturned and postponed. He died before his second trial due to cancer, but the conspiracy covering this mystifying truth would raise varying questions about what Ruby had to do with the murder and whether his seemingly brave act of killing Oswald is a mere cover to get away with murder.